Shini Art

In India large number if consumers are living below poverty line and large number are illiterate and unaware of their rights sp consumer protection movement cannot be the same as followed by developed countries. In India it has to be a social movement wherein people of all walks of life have to play their role. [...]

Employees get bored by performing routine job. They enjoy doing jobs which offer them variety and opportunity to show their skill. By offering challenging jobs, autonomy to perform job, interesting jobs, employees get satisfied and they are motivated. Interesting, enriched and challenging job itself is a very good motivator or stimulator. Recognition means giving special [...]

Management of work all organizations are set up to perform some task or goal. Management activities aim at achieving goals or tasks to be accomplished. The task or work depends upon the natural of business for example, work to be accomplished in a school is providing education, in hospital is to treat patient, in industry [...]

After making the list of various alternatives along with the assumptions supporting them, the manager starts evaluating each and every alternative and notes down the position and negative aspects of every alternative. After this the manager starts eliminating the alternatives with more of negative aspect and the one with the maximum position aspect and with [...]

These are the techniques which were commonly used by various companies. Although in present environment these have become outdated but still many companies are using these: personal observation, statistical reports, break even analysis, and budgetary control.
Personal observations: this is the most traditional and most popular method of control. Under this manager observe the subordinators while [...]

Ensures Issuing of Instructions: the supervisor makes sure that all the instructions are communicated to each and every employee. The top level and middle level, plan out all the instructions but the instructions are issued only by supervisory level management.
Facilitates Control: control means match between actual and planned output. Whenever the workers are under constant [...]

Control system loses its effectiveness when standard of performance can not be defined in quantitative terms and it is very difficult to set quantitative standard for human behavior, efficiency level, job satisfaction, employee’s morale. I such cases judgment depends upon the discretion of manager. An enterprise can not control the external factors such as government [...]

The success or failure of production and distribution function of business depends upon the financial decisions as right decision ensures smooth flow of finance and smooth operation of production and distribution. It provides a detailed plan of action for reducing uncertainly and for the proper direction of individual and group efforts. Financial planning attempts to [...]

Some times the message sent by sender does not reach the receiver in the same manner of communication may cause misunderstanding. Therefore it is important for a manger to identify these barriers and take measures to overcome these. Some times the same words and sentences can be understood differently by different peope in the organization [...]

It refers to first time sale of securities by a company. Under this method company issues a prospectus to inform and attract general public. In prospectus company provides details about the purpose, for which funds are being raised, past financial performance of the company, background and future prospects of company. The information in the prospectus [...]

Discipline refers to general rules regulations for systematic working in an organization. Fayol insists that discipline is required at superior as well as subordinate level. The disciplinary rules shall not be applicable only on subordinates but discipline requires good superior at every level, clear and fair agreement between superior and subordinates.
The employees must honor their [...]

When the activities or jobs are grouped keeping in mind the functions or the job then it is called functional structure. For examples, all the jobs related to production department, related to sales in sales department, related to purchases in purchase department and so on. Within the departments also grouping is done on the basis [...]