Shini Art

These are the techniques which were commonly used by various companies. Although in present environment these have become outdated but still many companies are using these: personal observation, statistical reports, break even analysis, and budgetary control.
Personal observations: this is the most traditional and most popular method of control. Under this manager observe the subordinators while [...]

Decentralization can be defined as even and systematic distribution of authority at every level of management. Under decentralization every employees working at different levels gets some share in the authority. Decentralization is a policy matter and managers plan in advance whether to go for centralized or decentralization policy. Some times company follows a mixed [...]

It is a control technique which provides information and support for effective managerial decision-making. Right decision can be taken at right time only when managers receive accurate and timely information.
MIS provides the required information to managers on time and systematically. MIS is a communication tool for managers.
By getting information on time managers can take timely [...]

Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet each other and conduct buying and selling activities. The focus of market is not on a place rather it is on meeting of buyers and sellers. Traditionally the buyers and sellers were meeting at a physical location only today business is conducted on telephone, through mail, [...]

The various factors which influence the decision of capital structure are:
Cash flow ability: the decision related to composition of capital structure also depends upon the ability of business to generate enough cash flow. The company is under legal obligation to pay a fixed rate of interest to debenture holders, dividend to preference shares and principal [...]

With increasing inflation, our worry of how to manage unlimited expenses within limited earnings sustains. And if by chance you happen to have your family member or relatives located at any corner of the world then you should surely save a big amount of currency to meet your phone expenses. Many business owners have to [...]

Capital structure means the proportion of debt and equity used for financing the operations of business. In other words, capital structure represents the proportion of debt capital and equity capital in the structure. What kind of capital structure is best for a firm is very difficult to define. The capital structure should be such which [...]

 
Motivation can be defined as stimulating, inspiring and including the employees to perform to their best capacity. Motivation is a psychological term which means it cannot be forced on employees. It comes automatically from inside the employees as it is the willingness to do the work.
Motive: A motion is an inner state or desire which [...]

Decentralization is extension of delegation. In delegation we multiply the authority with two whereas in decentralization the authority is multiplied by many because systematic delegation talking place at every level will result in evenly distribution of authority and responsibility at every level and result in decentralization. If delegation is restricted to certain levels only then [...]

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After setting up of objectives the managers make a list of alternatives through which the organization can achieve its objectives as there can be many ways to achieve the objective and managers must know all the ways to reach the objectives. After making the list of various alternatives along with assumptions supporting them, the manager [...]

The employees in the organization start working only when they get instructions and directions form their superiors. In the directing functions the superiors direct the actions of employees towards the predetermined goals of the organization. If the directing function is executed successfully then it results in unity of direction and achievement of organization goals.
In the [...]

The firm must estimate its working capital very accurately because excessive working capital result in unnecessary accumulation of inventory and wastage of capital whereas shortage of working capital affect the smooth flow of operating cycle and business fails to meet its commitment. So finance manager must keep in mind following factors before estimating the amount [...]

Marketing plays a very important role for profit as well as non-profit making organization. Mon-profit earning organization achieves their objectives through marketing. Various promotional tools are used to make polio drop project popular. Role of marketing in different situations can be explained in following way.
Modern concept of marketing plays a significant role in achieving objectives [...]

Some companies believe that it is easy to sell the productions when products are inexpensive and are easily available. So the firms following production concept focus on lowering the cost of production by means of mass production and distribution but the drawback of this concept is that customers don’t always buy products which are inexpensive [...]

Marketing management means management of all the activities related to marketing or in other words we can say, it refers to planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities which result in exchange of goods and services.
The main focus of marketing is on exchange of goods and services Philip Kotler defined marketing management as “the art [...]

As we have already learnt that management does not refer to a single individual but it refers to a group of persons. In companies large number of persons are employed and placed at different paces to perform different managerial activities. To carry on these activities these employees are given necessary authority and responsibility.
This grant of [...]

Customers are finding vehicles capable to withstand the every day demands of life in several unlikely places.
The Honda store is one. There, consumer looking for safe, reliable vehicles with little repair costs and news of troubles will find the Odyssey. It first position on our list of most long-lasting vehicles. The Honda Pilot, Civic, CRV [...]

Thursday, Stock in Timminco soared on news that it will provide the world’s largest creator of solar cells with silicon solar grade. Timminco shares punch a new 52-week closed and high at $25.70 on the TSX, up $4.81 from Wednesday’s close.
Announced the Toronto-based company late Wednesday that it’s entirely owned subsidiary, Becancour Silicon Inc. (BSI), [...]

Polaris Software Lab Ltd has announced that Polaris Retail Infotech Ltd (PRIL), a leading retail software provider and a wholly owned subsidiary of Polaris Software Lab Ltd, on March 26, 2008 announced the launch of Smart Store, a retail software product for small retail businesses. Smart Store is the first packaged retail software for the [...]

The United State Justice Department permitted the merger between satellite radio companies XM and Sirius, more than a year after the 2 companies first declared their contract.
But for devotees of Howard Stern, Opie & Anthony and other XM and Sirius on the radio personalities, there are still a lot of queries about how much a [...]

Hughes Net is one of the leading providers of satellite Internet, high speed internet service by the use of Hughes satellite. Officially Hughes Net known as Direc Way, it transporting high speed internet to those who formerly thought they were wedged through sluggish dial-up. You know very clearly HughesNet is the largest satellite internet provider [...]

Private enterprises are motivated primarily by consideration of profit. There fore, these enterprises operate mainly in those areas of economic activities which offer a regular and steady return and capital investment.
On the other state enterprises are guided by several socio economic and political objectives. They cover a wide spectrum of operation with little regard for [...]

Monday announced Federal prosecutors to indictments in a mortgage plan that siphoned off almost $13 million in house equity and persecuted more than 100 homeowners who had been looking to avoid foreclosure.
Dozens of public in California and elsewhere misplaced their homes in the rip-off, which prosecutors say was direct by Charles Head of La Habra. [...]

BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd) has received authorization to offer CDMA services crossways the nation (except Mumbai & Delhi) under the crossover technology plan.  Under the policy, accessible GSM operators are permitted to offer service CDMA and vice versa within the similar license after paying a bill.  BSNL is the 3rd company after Reliance Communications [...]

Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) was established on July 1, 1948 as a statutory corporation. Later on it was converted into a public limited company. The objected of IFCI is making medium and long term credits more readily available it industrial concerns in India, particularly in circumstances where normal banking accommodation is inappropriate or [...]

The Bankers Association Massachusetts is warning customers about another data breach connecting a most important retailer. The organization said today that about a 3rd of its 200 affiliate banks have been contacted by MasterCard and Visa. The watchful advised that some of the debit and credit cards the banks matter could be at risk.
The companies [...]

AirTran Airways will change place check-in and ticketing procedures at Logan International Airport from the small level of Terminal C to the central entrance hall of the terminal tomorrow, the operator of airports, said, the Port Authority of Massachusetts.
The airline, which is managed by AirTran Holdings Inc. of Orlando, will use the ticket counter once [...]

By Peter Nowak — Quebecor Inc. has makes the possibility of 5 national mobile providers in Canada by Thursday announcing that it will offer on wireless airwaves across the nation, not just in Quebec.
The based company Montreal submitted a deposit of $317 million in the letters form of credit to Industry Canada on Monday ahead [...]

A state group will inspect the so-called underground financial system in Massachusetts, considered to be work complete by people who are paid under the table. 
Today Governor Deval Patrick signed an order making the Joint Task Force on the Underground financial system and Employment Misclassification. 
The group will consider steps to enlarge enforcement beside employers who misclassify [...]

The Japan’s share market Nikkei and broader Topix both finished 1.6 percent up, having added 3 percent at one point after central banks put billions of dollars into the credit markets. Shares in Singapore, Australia, and India climbed more than 2 percent South Korea and Hong Kong were up by more than 1 percent. But [...]

Growth housing price go faster in January for the 2nd straight month, data Canada said Tuesday. The organization said housing markets stronger in Atlantic Canada and the Prairies pushed service provider’ selling prices up by 6.5 % between January 2007 and January this year, a faster speed than the increase 12-month of 6.2 % seen [...]

Can Japan’s automakers endure a slowdown or inferior in the U.S. Japan and Western Europe? You bet they can. Sizzling on the heels of well quarterly results for the 3 months ended December, more symbols are emerging that increasing demand in Asia will offset problems in the mature markets.
Sunday’s Nikkei, biggest business paper in Japan, [...]

Global Vehicles USA Inc., the American distributor of Mahindra trade name pickups and SUVs, says it will present hybrid diesel engines as an alternative on its vehicle line here begging in 2010. GV strategy to launch 3 diesel vehicles in the America next year.
In a meeting with Automotive News, GV Chief Executive officer John Perez [...]

Steve Jobs sent a clean and clear message to in this Thursday Technology world: Apple needs it to view the iPhone as a chance, not a threat.
To impel that point home, employment gave up the period for most of Apple’s (AAPL) highly predictable software occasion at its Cupertino head office. Rather than dominate the spotlight [...]