Shini Art

In India there are about 500 consumers’ organizations working in the field of consumers’ protection. The most popular are: Consumers’ guidance society of India (Mumbai), Citizen Action group (Mumbai), consumer education and research (CERC) Ahmedabad, Common cause (New Delhi) etc. consumer unity and trust society (CUTS). These associations are performing following functions:
Bringing out brochures, journals [...]

Management of work all organizations are set up to perform some task or goal. Management activities aim at achieving goals or tasks to be accomplished. The task or work depends upon the natural of business for example, work to be accomplished in a school is providing education, in hospital is to treat patient, in industry [...]

After making the list of various alternatives along with the assumptions supporting them, the manager starts evaluating each and every alternative and notes down the position and negative aspects of every alternative. After this the manager starts eliminating the alternatives with more of negative aspect and the one with the maximum position aspect and with [...]

Market condition: there are two main conditions of market i.e., boom condition and recession or depression condition. There conditions affect the capital structure specially when company is planning to raise additional capital. Depending upon the market condition the investors may be more careful in their dealings.
During depression period in the market business is slow and [...]

Control system loses its effectiveness when standard of performance can not be defined in quantitative terms and it is very difficult to set quantitative standard for human behavior, efficiency level, job satisfaction, employee’s morale. I such cases judgment depends upon the discretion of manager. An enterprise can not control the external factors such as government [...]

The success or failure of production and distribution function of business depends upon the financial decisions as right decision ensures smooth flow of finance and smooth operation of production and distribution. It provides a detailed plan of action for reducing uncertainly and for the proper direction of individual and group efforts. Financial planning attempts to [...]

Management helps in achieving group goal: management tries to integrate the objectives of individuals along with organizational goal. Management directs the efforts of all the individuals in the common direction of achieving organization goal.
Management brings harmony in work: in an organization employee come from different backgrounds, they have different attitudes and different style of working [...]

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It is a control technique which provides information and support for effective managerial decision-making. Right decision can be taken at right time only when managers receive accurate and timely information.
MIS provides the required information to managers on time and systematically. MIS is a communication tool for managers.
By getting information on time managers can take timely [...]

Internet marketing is the most popular form of marketing. It is also known as online marketing or e-marketing. Internet marketing has several unique such as low marketing costs and rich result. Both aspects of internet creative and technical use in internet marketing.  Internet marketing has various types like search engine marketing, e-mail marketing, interactive advertising, [...]

When the activities or jobs are grouped keeping in mind the functions or the job then it is called functional structure. For examples, all the jobs related to production department, related to sales in sales department, related to purchases in purchase department and so on. Within the departments also grouping is done on the basis [...]

Planning off-sets uncertainties: organizations have to face many uncertainties and unexpected situations every day. Planning helps the manager to face the uncertainty because planners try to foresee the future by making some assumptions regarding future keeping in mind their past experiences and scanning of business environments. The plans are made to overcome such uncertainties. The [...]

Decentralization is extension of delegation. In delegation we multiply the authority with two whereas in decentralization the authority is multiplied by many because systematic delegation talking place at every level will result in evenly distribution of authority and responsibility at every level and result in decentralization. If delegation is restricted to certain levels only then [...]

Planning starts with the determination of objectives. We cannot think of planning in absence of objective. After setting up of the objectives, planning decides the methods, procedures and steps to be taken for achievement of set objectives. Planners also help and bring changes in the plan of thongs are not moving in the direction of [...]

The employees in the organization start working only when they get instructions and directions form their superiors. In the directing functions the superiors direct the actions of employees towards the predetermined goals of the organization. If the directing function is executed successfully then it results in unity of direction and achievement of organization goals.
In the [...]

Marketing plays a very important role for profit as well as non-profit making organization. Mon-profit earning organization achieves their objectives through marketing. Various promotional tools are used to make polio drop project popular. Role of marketing in different situations can be explained in following way.
Modern concept of marketing plays a significant role in achieving objectives [...]

Some companies believe that it is easy to sell the productions when products are inexpensive and are easily available. So the firms following production concept focus on lowering the cost of production by means of mass production and distribution but the drawback of this concept is that customers don’t always buy products which are inexpensive [...]